Those who encounter the title "Orthodox Bahá'í" for the first time, especially those who are followers of the sans-Guardian Universal House of Justice, may wonder why people would identify themselves as Orthodox Bahá'ís if, as 'Abdu'l-Bahá has stated, the Bahá'í Covenant makes it "impossible for any one to create a sect or faction of belief." Why, then, would those who identify themselves as Bahá'ís find it necessary to add the word "Orthodox"? Aren't they, by doing so, going against the Covenant and what 'Abdu'l-Bahá said? Aren't they attempting to make a schism in a Faith that carries the promise of never experiencing division? Shouldn't they, instead, identify themselves with the majority faction of the Cause so that the Bahá'í Faith continues to convey the promise of never splintering into differing sects?
An understanding of the position of Orthodox Bahá'ís might well begin by studying carefully the complete statement of 'Abdu'l-Bahá from which the words "impossible for any one to create a sect or faction of belief" were taken. That statement reads as follows:
As to the most great characteristic of the revelation of Bahá'u'lláh--a specific teaching not given by any of the Prophets of the past--it is the ordination and appointment of the Center of the Covenant. By this appointment and provision He has safeguarded and protected the religion of God against differences and schisms, making it impossible for any one to create a new sect or faction of belief. To insure unity and agreement He has entered into a Covenant with all the people of the world including the Interpreter and Explainer of His teachings so that no one may interpret or explain the religion of God according to his own view or opinion and thus create a sect founded upon his individual understanding of the divine words. The Book of the Covenant or Testament of Bahá'u'lláh is the means of preventing such a possibility, for whosoever shall speak from the authority of himself alone shall be degraded. Be ye informed and cognizant of this. (Emphasis added.)
Central to the issue of the safeguarding and protection of the religion of God is the individual who is appointed as the interpreter of the teachings, for, as 'Abdu'l-Bahá states, the Covenant of Bahá'u'lláh includes "the Interpreter and Explainer of His teachings." All Bahá'ís are aware that in His Will and Testament, 'Abdu'l-Bahá conveyed to Shoghi Effendi, the first Guardian of the Faith, that self-same interpretative authority with which Bahá'u'lláh had invested Him, identifying Shoghi Effendi as "the expounder of the words of God." The Will of 'Abdu'l-Bahá also made it "incumbent upon the guardian of the Cause of God to appoint in his own life-time him that shall become his successor, that differences may not arise after his passing."
However, on the passing of Shoghi Effendi in 1957, the world-wide community of Bahá'ís failed to recognize that the first Guardian had appointed his successor in his own life-time. Instead of recognizing and turning to Shoghi Effendi's successor, all accepted the interim leadership of Shoghi Effendi's appointed Hands of the Cause, even though, according to 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Will, they are only to serve "under the direction of the guardian of the Cause of God," who, the Will says, "must continually urge them to strive and endeavor to the utmost of their ability to diffuse the sweet savors of God, and to guide all the peoples of the world..."
With the Hands in command of the Bahá'í Faith, the Cause of Bahá'u'lláh became a heterodox organization, for the administration of the Faith was no longer in line with the provisions of the Will and Testament of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, the Document that Shoghi Effendi has called "the Charter of the New World Order." When the second Guardian of the Faith found it necessary to make a proclamation of his Guardianship to the Bahá'í World in order to set matters aright, the leadership of the heterodox Faith rejected him and called upon their followers to do likewise. Those who accepted Mason Remey's claim to the Guardianship, based upon his appointment by Shoghi Effendi to be the head of the embryonic Universal House of Justice (which they maintain is synonymous with the Guardianship, since 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Will calls for the Guardian to be the "sacred head" of that institution), first called themselves "Bahá'ís Under the Hereditary Guardianship" but eventually identified themselves as "Orthodox Bahá'ís" because they ascribe to all the basic tenets of the Faith.
In the early 70's their beliefs were set forth by Joel B. Marangella, the third Guardian, as follows:
STATEMENT OF BELIEFS OF THE ORTHODOX BAHÁ'ÍS
UNDER THE LIVING GUARDIANSHIP
1. The Bab was the Herald of the Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh and an independent Manifestation of God in His own right.
2. Bahá'u'lláh is the Universal Manifestation of God for this Day and the Author of the Bahá'í Revelation. His Laws and Teachings embodied in His written Works are unreservedly accepted as the revealed Word of God.
3. Bahá'u'lláh made a binding and indestructible Covenant with His followers in a written Will and Testament (Kitáb-i-Ahd), also designated by Him as the "Book of My Covenant", in which they were enjoined to turn to His eldest son, 'Abdu'l-Bahá, the "most great Branch", after His ascension. 'Abdu'l-Bahá's station was further confirmed in the Tablet of the Branch (Súriy-i-Ghusn) penned by Bahá'u'lláh in which 'Abdu'l-Bahá was referred to as "this sacred and glorious Being"...."this Branch of Holiness" and the "Limb of the Law of God." By virtue of this divine appointment, 'Abdu'l-Bahá is recognized as the Center of Bahá'u'lláh's Covenant, His vicegerent on earth, the Executive of His authority, the Interpreter of His mind, the Focal Point of His unerring guidance, the Exemplar of His Faith and the Architect of His World Order.
4. 'Abdu'l-Bahá's greatest legacy to posterity and the brightest emanation of His mind was His Will and Testament, the "Child of the Covenant" and Charter of the Administrative Order of Bahá'u'lláh -- "the mightiest instrument forged to insure the continuity of the three ages which constitute the component parts of His Father's Dispensation." This immortal Document is considered supplementary to the Most Holy Book revealed by Bahá'u'lláh (the Kitáb-i-Aqdas) and as such constitutes a part of the explicit Holy Text, inviolate and never to be abrogated or altered in any way during the Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh.
5. The Will and Testament of 'Abdu'l-Bahá established the Guardianship of the Faith as the supreme Institution of the Faith for he was designated the "expounder of the words of God" and all of the believers were enjoined to show their "obedience, submissiveness and subordination unto the guardian of the Cause of God." This Document declared that "The mighty stronghold shall remain impregnable and safe through obedience to him who is the guardian of the Cause of God." The Universal House of Justice was established as the supreme legislative organ of the Administrative Order and the Guardian appointed the "sacred head and the distinguished member for life of that body." In the words of the Will and Testament: "the guardian of the Cause of God as well as the Universal House of Justice to be universally elected and established are both under the care and protection of the Abhá Beauty and under the shelter and unerring guidance of His Holiness, the Exalted One."
6. The Will and Testament of 'Abdu'l-Bahá confers sole authority upon the Guardian of the Faith to appoint his successor. For this reason, it is an hereditary office and while the Will states that the Guardian will appoint his first born son if he possesses the spiritual prerequisites, in the event that he does not, he is authorized to appoint another individual. This appointment must be made by the Guardian during his lifetime and announced to the believers. Thus, the continuity of the Guardianship is preserved in an unbroken chain of Guardians, each appointed by his predecessor in office throughout the duration of the Dispensation of Bahá'u'lláh.
7. The first Guardian of the Faith, Shoghi Effendi Rabbani, prior to his passing, appointed Charles Mason Remey the President of the first embryonic Universal House of Justice (titled in this embryonic stage as the International Bahá'í Council), thus designating his successor, as Presidency of the universal House of Justice and Guardianship of the Faith are synonymous. Upon the passing of Shoghi Effendi in November 1957, this embryonic Institution came into active life and Charles Mason Remey as its Head became the second Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith.
8. The second Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith, Charles Mason Remey, appointed Joel B. Marangella President of the second International Bahá'í Council of 21 September 1964, a body that was activated and brought into functioning life in October 1965 with an announcement of same appearing in the official publication of the Bahá'ís under the Guardianship at the time (The Glad Tidings). Additionally, the second Guardian confirmed his appointment of Joel B. Marangella as the third Guardian in a hand-written letter under day of 5 December 1961 and directed him to tell the Bahá'í world of this appointment as a time to be decided by him. The third Guardian of the Faith assumed his responsibilities as a result of a proclamatory letter sent to the Bahá'ís under the Guardianship on 12 November 1969.
9. Avowed Bahá'ís who espouse views and doctrines at variance with the above statement are not orthodox Bahá'ís and have placed themselves outside the true Faith.
From the preceding, then, it should be evident that those who call themselves Orthodox Bahá'ís are doing so only as a temporary measure until such time as all who are followers of Bahá'u'lláh recognize that the Covenant makes essential the presence of a living Guardian within the Cause. Thus, those believers who are at present denying the continuing Guardianship of the Faith have placed themselves outside the Faith so that it is they (not the Orthodox Bahá'ís), who--whether aware of their course of action or not--are actually attempting to create a schism in the Faith.
Shoghi Effendi pointed out that in the spiritual realm, men "have reached the point where God could leave, in human hands (i.e., the Guardians') guided directly by the Bab and Bahá'u'lláh, as the Master states in His Will, the affairs of His Faith for this Dispensation. This is what is meant by 'this is the day which will not be followed by night.'" With a continuing line of living Guardians of the Faith, the Cause of Bahá'u'lláh will be safeguarded and protected...against differences and schisms, making it impossible for any one to create a new sect or faction of belief. This is the Covenant for those who are Orthodox Bahá'ís.